General Resources
Website Resources
- Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO): Responding to an Overdose Spike: A Guide for Public Health Departments
- Carolina Center for Health Informatics – Opioid Dashboards and Data: The Carolina Center for Health Informatics at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill provides links to state-based opioid and other drug dashboards and data for many states and some cities across the country.
- CDC Overdose Data to Action
- CDC HAN recommendations related to synthetic opioid overdoses
- CDC WONDER: https://wonder.cdc.gov/
- CDC’s WISQARS: https://www.cdc.gov/injury/wisqars/index.html
- Drug Overdose Surveillance and Epidemiology System (DOSE) Nonfatal Overdose Data Dashboard
- Free Synthetic Test Data Information
- Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP). There is a query feature for choosing either inpatient, emergency department, ambulatory surgery and community settings.
The last time I checked there were 49 states and DC participating with HCUP: https://hcupnet.ahrq.gov/#setup - National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS). The second link is for the query feature. I’m not sure how specific the output is with respect to
overdose-I think you can run an initial search for poisoning (perhaps similar to WISQARS). - https://www.cpsc.gov/Research–Statistics/NEISS-Injury-Data
- https://www.cpsc.gov/cgibin/NEISSQuery/home.aspx
- https://www.cpsc.gov/Safety-Education/Safety-Guides/General-Information/National-Electronic-Injury-Surveillance-System-NEISS
- Points of contact for each HIDTA state/area
- Public Access to NEMSIS: The process would be different for an external partner/vendor. Access to the data needs to be requested through the University of Utah School of Medicine PI, Dr. Clay Mann. A description of the process for requesting NEMSIS data can be found at this website: https://nemsis.org/using-ems-data/request-research-data/
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Overdose Prevention Strategy
State and Health Systems Measures that draw upon PDMP and EHR data
- CDC Quality Improvement Indicators: The indicators are operationalized in CDC’s Quality Improvement and Care Coordination: Implementing the CDC Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain
- These are health system/clinic level indicators that are based on the CDC Guideline’s 12 recommendation statements
- WA State Bree Collaborative: The indicators are operationalized in Bree-Opioid-Prescribing-Metrics-Final-2017.pdf (qualityhealth.org)
- These are state or jurisdiction level indicators, and they were operationalized and used at the state level.
- FYI (not to include but for your knowledge): Please be aware that some indicators used by the collaborative differ from CDC’s guidelines. For example, the CDC guideline defines long-term opioid therapy as > 90 days while the collaborative defines chronic as >= 60 days
PDMP Resource that includes MOUs/DUAs resources and state examples
- https://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/pdf/Leveraging-PDMPs-508.pdf
- This resources includes a MOU checklist and state examples of MOUs involving PDMP data
PDF Resources
- The Massachusetts Drug Supply Data Stream (MADDS) program collects samples from police departments and community partners and reports them to state and community partners
- Association of State and Territorial Health Officials (ASTHO): Responding to an Overdose Spike: A Guide for Public Health Departments
- National Association of County & City Health Officials (NACCHO): Overdose Spike Response Framework for Communities and Local Health Departments
- Public Health and Safety Team (PHAST) Toolkit
- State Syndromic Surveillance Systems: Michigan Syndromic Surveillance System (MSSS) user guide
- Mechanisms for Detecting an Overdose Outbreak: Pennsylvania EpiCenter Alert Guidance: Thresholds for suspected overdose by facility location and by home location
- Nevada Syndromic Surveillance Alert and Investigation Plan
SAS code & Powerpoint Presentations
- Swift Toxicology for Opioid Related Mortalities: Michigan staff run SAS code every week based on updated data to generate alerts.
- Swift Toxicology for Opioid Related Mortalities: New Drug Threats: Latest on the Stimulant Crisis PPT
NSSP Resources
Resources to guide the user through building and performing queries within ESSENCE
- Query Wizard – The Query Portal permits users to select specific populations to perform analysis for specific medical conditions over various time periods and geographical locations. ESSENCE analysis, visualizations, and export features are available within the portal. Once custom analysis features are selected, they can be sent to the myESSENCE and myAlerts for use in routine analysis and alerting.
- myESSENCE: The myESSENCE feature allows you to create customizable dashboards of frequently used graphs, charts, tables, maps, and alerts.
- Data Details: Data details drill down to the underlying data for a particular query.
- Advanced Query tool: The advanced query tool allows users to create more complex queries than using the standard filters in the Query Wizard.
- Time Series Viewer: Allows users to analyze a time series graph produced after performing a query.
- Building Queries – Recorded presentation focusing on how to build ad-hoc queries in ESSENCE. In addition to teaching the basic mechanics of building queries, the presentation explores advanced techniques for building complex queries to find specific case definitions in the data.
- Using Queries – Recorded presentation focusing on how to use queries in ESSENCE. In addition to teaching the basic mechanics of the application, the presentation explores advanced techniques for utilizing queries in features like myESSENCE, advanced graphing, and data downloads.
- Sharing Queries – Recorded presentation focusing on how to share queries in ESSENCE with other users.
- Free-Text Queries
- Free-Text Queries : Introduction to free-text queries using the Query Wizard.
- Free-Text Coding Series: Six-part series on how to write ESSENCE free-text queries.
Resources to introduce the user to the alerting algorithms used within ESSENCE
- myAlerts: The myAlerts function allows users to define specific populations, processing algorithms, and conditions to create alert messages that match the criteria.
- Algorithms: There are several types of alerting algorithms within ESSENCE, including temporal, spatial, time of arrival (TOA), summary, word alerts, and fusion alerts.
What Can You Really Do with 35,000 Statistical Alerts a Week Anyways?: Conference abstract. Find practical ways to sort through statistical noise in syndromic data and make use of alerts most likely to have public health importance.
Jurisdictional Usage of the New ESSENCE Word Alert Feature: Describe the new word alert capability in ESSENCE, how it has been used by the Florida Department of Health and how the word alert feature works to find individual chief complaint terms that are occurring at an abnormal rate.
Analytic Fusion for Essential Indicators of the Opioid Epidemic: In a partnership between the Public Health Division of the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) and the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL), an analytic fusion tool was developed using streaming data and report-based evidence to improve the targeting and timing of evidence-based interventions in the ongoing opioid overdose epidemic.
Resources related to R procedures, packages, and products commonly used alongside ESSENCE
Rnssp Package: This R package developed by NSSP facilitates access to data within ESSENCE via a secure and simple interface. A tutorial is available.
How to Use RStudio with ESSENCE API Guide: An overview of the ESSENCE APIs and how to access them through RStudio.
NSSP-R User Group Call Archive
Interacting with Web Data using R: Web APIs and Web Scraping (including RSelenium): Demonstrate working with an API from R to extract information from healthdata.gov. We will also demonstrate scraping static web content using the rvest package, and how to scrape static content by driving a web browser using RSelenium.
An Introduction to RStudio & R Markdown – Beginner & Intermediate
Interactive Reporting & Dashboards in R Markdown – Intermediate & Advanced
New Features in R Markdown & HTML Widgets – Intermediate & Advanced
Making Report-Quality Plots in R with Low-to-Moderate Coding Experience: Demonstrate the ‘ggplot2’ package and how to create a plot by looking at the components that make up its overall structure. It will also go into how these graphics can be integrated into RMarkdown to create an automated report that is visually appealing.
Opioid Overdose Surveillance and Classification with R: The current opioid overdose/addiction crisis in the United States presents a challenge to public health intervention due to a lack of data on current and past incidence. Very little information is known regarding what is happening when/where and in comparison, to the past. Marin County, California is addressing the lack of clarity in opioid overdose data by designing a novel cloud-based system to identify opioid overdoses for both surveillance and outreach purposes using county-owned Emergency Medical Services (EMS) data.
Leveraging the NSSP R Studio Server to Automate QA Monitoring and Reporting: The aim of this project was to develop a nimble system to both monitor and report on the quality of Kentucky emergency department syndromic surveillance data at system-wide and facility levels.
NSSP Use Cases
Evaluation of Syndromic Surveillance for Opioid Overdose Reporting in Illinois: Evaluate capacity of the BioSense ESSENCE platform and pre-defined overdose queries to identify emergency department admissions related to opioid overdose, in compliance with 2018 mandatory overdose reporting laws in Illinois.
Tracking suspected heroin overdoses in CDC’s National Syndromic Surveillance Program: This paper analyzes emergency department syndromic data in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Syndromic Surveillance Program’s (NSSP) BioSense Platform to understand trends in suspected heroin overdose.
Going Beyond Chief Complaints to Identify Opioid-Related Emergency Department Visits: Identify heroin- and opioid-related emergency department visits using pre-diagnostic data and demonstrate the value of clinical notes to public health surveillance and situational awareness.
Development of Text-Based Algorithm for Opioid Overdose Identification in EMS Data: Explore the results of a descriptive analysis of all drug overdose mortality data collected by the Harris County Medical Examiner’s Office and how that data can be used to inform public health action.
Data Sharing Through Dashboards: The Who, What, Where, When, and Why: Lightning talk webinar experience where you will see multiple examples of data dashboards and learn more about who they were created for, how they were developed, where and when the data is being shared, and what impact the dashboard has had on improving public health practice as presenters discuss their work on opioid, flu, and general disease surveillance dashboards.
Turning the Tide on the Opioid Epidemic: Arizona Department of Health Services (AZDHS) created an interactive dashboard that advances their mission in empowering citizen action, increasing transparency, and equipping decision makers to begin to turn the tide of the opioid epidemic.
Finding Chances to Intervene Before the Fatal Overdose: Linking ED and Mortality Data: Link emergency department (ED) with death certificate mortality data in order to examine the prior medical history of opioid overdose victims leading up to their death.
Opioid Surveillance Webinar Series #1: Rapid surveillance of overdose morbidity – Developing case definitions, building queries, and analyzing results: Describes how CDC has partnered with states to develop case definitions for all drug, opioid, and heroin within and outside of the NSSP/ESSENCE system, and lessons learned and things to consider for the rapid surveillance of opioid overdose.
Opioid Surveillance Webinar Series #2: Challenges and Implications of Postmarketing Surveillance of Prescription Opioids: Addresses the unique challenges of surveillance or prescription opioid abuse and presents data from multiple perspectives on the issues and potential solution.
Opioid Surveillance Webinar Series #3: Syndromic Surveillance Case Definition for Monitoring Opioid Related ED visits and Drug Overdose Surveillance Using Death Record, Poison Control, and ED Data: Collaboration work together to develop a standard case definition for opioid abuse/poisoning, applicable in multiple jurisdictions. The pilot study evaluated the opioid abuse/poisoning case definition by determining the consistency of the reported Chief Complaint and Discharge Diagnosis (CC and DD) in SyS ED data.
Opioid Crisis Trending Topic in the NSSP Knowledge Repository
Evaluation Resources
Program Performance and Evaluation Office (PPEO)
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP)
Through HSEEP, exercise program managers can develop, execute, and evaluate exercises that address the priorities established by a jurisdiction’s/organization’s senior leaders. The HSEEP manual can be accessed here.
Updated Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems
Program Evaluation Guide – Introduction – CDC
Framework for Program Evaluation – CDC
Trofatter MO, Dolinky AK. Overdose Monitoring and Response Logic Model. March 2021.
Syndromic Surveillance on the Epidemiologist’s Desktop: Making Sense of Much Data –
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5401a22.htm
Rossi, Peter H., Mark W. Lipsey, and Howard E. Freeman. 2019. Evaluation: a systematic approach. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
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